Choosing a Welsh Pony or Cob, Showing Welsh, Welsh Breed Standard, pony growth, how much weight can a pony carry, breeding

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 Casmaran Welsh Cobs and Cross Creek Welsh Ponies

Articles on this page: How Much Weight can a pony/cob carry.   Growth chart.   Equine obesity and Insulin resistance.    EMS & PPID

 The Equine back.        Welsh Breed Standard with descriptions.        More links.    WPCSA Transfer Lists.

Our Welsh pony mare Kressley's Talaria lived to the ripe, and healthy, old age of 39 years as pictured here.

Talaria was an original type Section B. Can YOU see the Cob in her bloodlines??

Judges admired her "four square" conformation and bone.

Talaria competed regularly with the kids in local Hunter Paces, trail rides and shows. Even once competing successfully in the Essex County Pony Race, coming in second to a small thoroughbred! Talaria LOVED to be in front!

This is a true to type Section B Welsh pony.

Generally speaking a Section A Welsh pony is mentally and physically mature enough to start under saddle lightly at three years. Section B Welsh ponies don't mature mentally until at least four years and physically until 6 years, and this goes for the Section C Welsh pony of cob type and the Section D Welsh cob also. As everyone knows horses truly mature later than a pure pony breed; and those pony breeds that have had horse blood introduced for size also mature later both mentally and physically. Please see the article below which explains the physiology of growth.

It is important to take into consideration the changes the Welsh go through between their first and fourth year. A pony that was born with obvious good bone and depth of body is most likely to carry those attributes when mature. A pony born slight of frame and bone, though elegant looking, will also carry those attributes in their maturity and more importantly will throw those attributes when bred. You can cross a light animal to try to produce elegance with "bone and body" and meet with some success, but the success will be hit and miss for quite a few generations. Better to start with a pony "to the breed standard" than try to create one.

Why the difference? I believe it is because the Section A Welsh pony for the most part is a pure pony breed, though most did have some Arabian introduced in Great Britain. For the most part that outside blood was introduced from the 1600's thru the early 1700's and was not introduced specifically for size, but rather for refinement of type.  Though we can see the change in type from the Arabian influence, that influence is well beyond the 20th generation. To truly see the change in the Section A type it is well worth while searching the Hill Pony preservation groups in Wales. See the information and link below.

 The Section B Welsh ponies had various outside breeds introduced to their bloodlines right up to the early 1900's. The refined, elegant type became the "fad" of the years, as in the British Riding Pony, and subsequently became the "type" of Welsh "riding pony" bred for. If you consider that many breeders then concentrated their lines on ponies carrying those outside lines, some Section B's have Thorobred and Arabian blood right up to the 10th generation.

 The Section D cobs generally had Hackney horse blood, Standardbred, Akhal Teke, Thorobred, Arabian, Barb and other breeds introduced from the early 1600's on.

I have had many people ask how much weight can a pony or cob carry. What I tell them is that it depends on the age and the structure of the animal. NO pony or cob should be asked to carry a heavy load before it reaches six years of age. Over burdening an animal does nothing but stress the joints which will limit their use-ability in years. We had a Section B mare of good bone and body, more the original type of Section B, who was not started under saddle until her seventh year and who finally passed on at 39 years old completely sound.

 The structure of the animal must be taken into consideration, a light boned, light bodied animal will be less able to carry weight over a long period than a strong boned and bodied animal. That said, generally a pony or cob can carry up to 20% of their weight; if you are speaking of riding, that weight would include the tack used. Section A ponies usually are 500-550 lbs at maturity so should be able to carry 100-110 lbs comfortably. Section B ponies can go from 600-850 lbs and should be able to carry 120-170 lbs; Section C ponies are generally the same. Section D Cobs have such a difference in size range that one would have to go by the 20% of their weight figure. We have a Section D who is 950 lbs and should be able to carry up to 190 lbs, and several Section Ds that are 1200 lbs (and over) and should be able to carry 240 lbs or more. Again, age and structure should be considered. All animals can pull more than they can carry.

Quest can be a very dangerous product to use. As instructed on the box you must make sure you do not use it on youngstock. Anything under 2 years of age receives a different product. Quest is a very potent product, and it's crucial that you follow the directions in regards to how much to dispense to each pony…..as you should with any medication. It is definitely not a product I would use on a really wormy horse or pony, rescue, etc. 

Do not consider using Quest on an abused or rescued animal that is bone thin. Wait until the pony or horse  starts gaining weight, then deworm it at that point with another product and wait until the animal is back to being healthy again before using a Quest product, if you feel it necessary. 

There have been instances of perfectly healthy animals dropping dead within 48 hours of administering a regular dose of Quest. Some symptoms an animal may show as a reaction to Quest are colic and then organ failure. Attempts to save an animal may be in vain, as with at least one animal experience the vet ultimately had to come back and put it down. In this instance the response from the pharmaceutical company was less than encouraging. They simply didn't care and without having an autopsy done they really don't care This was not the first, and won't be the last to have had a negative and deadly encounter with Quest.

Understanding the Differences between EMS and PPID

By University of Kentucky College of Agriculture

Jun 28, 2013

Topics:

Cushing's Disease

Metabolic Syndrome

Older Horse Care Concerns

Equine Medical & Surgical Associates

http://www.equinemedsurg.com/ir1.html

Insulin Resistance in Equines

I.  What is Insulin?

A.     Insulin is a hormone produced by an organ in the abdomen called the Pancreas.  Using a Quarter Horse for reference, the Pancreas is about two feet behind the girth of the saddle on the right side and weighs approximately ¾ of a pound.

About 98% of the Pancreas produces enzymes to break down food in the gut and only 2% make hormones such as Insulin.  Hormones are chemicals produced by one type of tissue that are transported to target tissues that have special receptors for the hormone; once the hormone and the receptor connect, the hormone will facilitate reactions inside the target cell.

B.      Insulin has many jobs and many targets.  Insulin has direct action on all cells in the body (except the brain), and helps in carbohydrate, protein, and fat breakdown products entering the cells.

 Insulin’s main job involves carbohydrate metabolism.  Insulin release from the Pancreas is triggered by rising levels of carbohydrate in the bloodstream.  The carbohydrate that causes this Insulin outflow is called Glucose.  As Glucose levels rise, Insulin levels will rise and when Glucose levels go down, less Insulin is released from the Pancreas and hence Insulin levels go down.

 There are several ways for Glucose levels to go up, but by far, the biggest rise comes after your horse eats.  In hay and grass, carbohydrates are the main type of nutrient, with protein second, and fat the third type.  In magazines, carbohydrates are often referred to as “sugars” or “starches”. 

Starches are actually long chains of thousands of Glucose molecules linked together.  As your horse chews, he is starting the process of breaking down starch to release the simple sugar unit of Glucose.  Saliva enzymes, stomach acid, and small intestine enzymes further breakdown starch into individual Glucose molecules.  Once these Glucose units get into the small intestine, they are absorbed out of the digestive tract and into the bloodstream.  After a meal, large quantities of Glucose pour into the bloodstream.  Blood Glucose levels are now rising.  In literature, blood Glucose is often referred to as the “blood sugar”.  This high level of Glucose circulates to the Pancreas and will trigger the Pancreas to release Insulin into the bloodstream.  Now we understand Insulin’s source and what causes it to go up and down, which leads us to what it does.

C.  Equine Insulin Resistance in horses is the correct term to use when they get pathologically high levels of Insulin.  There are many other terms that have been used in the past that are inaccurate or confusing such as:

• Metabolic Syndrome – this requires high resting Glucose levels which most horses do not get and requires central obesity which horses do not get.
• Pseudo Cushings and Peripheral Cushings – horses get Insulin Resistance by itself with no Cushings at all in many cases, so trying to attach Cushings to this syndrome is not accurate.  Many Cushings horses can develop Insulin Resistance but not all of them do.
• Diabetes – most horses do not have elevated blood Glucose levels in Insulin Resistance.
• Hyperinsulinemia – this is inaccurate because horses and people elevate Insulin levels many times a day after a meal which is normal.  The correct term, developed by Dr. Reilly, is Equine Pathological Hyperinsulinemia with Insulin Resistance being one of the causes.

D.  Insulin is crucial in promoting Glucose in the bloodstream to move into cells.  Glucose is the major fuel used by cells for energy.  Again, Insulin has many target tissues but the most important are muscle, fatty tissue, and the liver.  How Insulin gets Glucose into cells is much like a lock and key.  On the muscle cell, for example, are thousands of receptors waiting for Insulin to arrive.  The receptor is the lock and Insulin is the key.  When the key fits the lock, it allows Glucose to enter the cell.  As Glucose goes from the bloodstream into the cell, the blood Glucose level will drop and hence the output of Insulin from the Pancreas will drop.

Glucose transport into muscle and fatty tissue goes up 5-20 times in the presence of Insulin.  This fact highlights how important Insulin’s action is in obtaining energy for the cell.

E.   Regarding fatty tissue which is another target tissue for Insulin:

1.   Insulin promotes Glucose into fat cells which help in fat synthesis.
2.   Simultaneously, Insulin promotes enzymes that help increase fat synthesis.
3.   At the same time, Insulin inhibits another type of enzyme that normally breaks down fat.

This is a “triple-barrel shotgun effect” — all of which promote fat. This action by Insulin is normal in your horse but you can already hear warning bells if things go wrong.  Too much Insulin means too much fat and that puts weight on your horse.

 II.  Insulin Resistance

A.     Defined

Inability to respond to and use Insulin the body produces because Insulin is not functioning properly; higher Insulin levels are needed to achieve the same effect.

 There is an abnormally high amount of Insulin circulating for long periods of time that leads to diseases such as Laminitis.  Normally, we know the usual level of Insulin throughout the day and know that after a grain meal, the Insulin level will go up 3-4 times the regular level due to Insulin responding to Glucose pouring into the bloodstream.  The short-term high level of Insulin is normal Hyperinsulinemia and lasts only a few hours.

 In Insulin Resistance, the base level of Insulin is about 3 times higher, so there is a constant elevation during the day.  When an Insulin Resistance horse has a grain meal, there is a pathological Hyperinsulinemia that sees the level of Insulin go up 30, 40, 50, and over 100 times usual levels, and can remain elevated much longer than normal.

 This stark fact highlights the reason behind the need to control insulin!

 A pony with a cresty neck is 19 times more likely to have Insulin problems.

 Horses with both Cushing's & Insulin Resistance need help fast.

 According to the American Diabetes Association, people with insulin resistance and diabetes have a 7-12 year decreased life span. In a horse, that translates to losing 2.5 to 4.5 years of life.

B.    What is causing the condition?

Basically, the key and lock system is broken.  There are several ways this occurs and they can occur separately, or combine to do multiple damage.

Ways to cause Pathological Hyperinsulinemia:

1. The receptor (the lock) on the target cell is directly damaged.  Insulin comes along (the key) and can not make a connection.  With no connection, Glucose can not enter the cell and is essentially shut out.  Blood Glucose levels do not drop and are now artificially elevated, so the Pancreas pours out more and more Insulin to correct the problem.  There are lots of keys with not enough working locks.  Result: higher than normal levels of Insulin.
2. The number of receptors on the cell is lower than normal.  Again, the same result as above: higher than normal levels of Insulin.  The receptors work, but there is just not enough to get Glucose quickly into the cells.
3. Insulin’s normal action is directly inhibited.  The keys do not work right even in target cells that are normal.  Again, this means Glucose is not getting into the cells and the Pancreas keeps pouring out more and more Insulin in an attempt to overcome the problem.

The final result that the target cells are resisting to work normally with Insulin (hence the name Insulin Resistance) which causes the Pancreas to try to overcome the resistance by pouring out more and more Insulin.  In Insulin resistance, this higher and higher level of pathological Hyperinsulinemia is able to still push Glucose into the cells and maintain normal blood Glucose (blood sugar) levels.

Rarely in horses, the higher Insulin levels can not overcome all the problems and the blood Glucose levels can not be maintained and start to stay elevated— this is called Early Stage Type II Diabetes.  In these rare cases, the horse has sky-high Insulin and sky-high blood Glucose.  To get to Type II Diabetes, you first have to be very Insulin resistant to the point you can not maintain Glucose levels.

Often, Insulin Resistance is mistakenly called Diabetes or Type II Diabetes in the horse.  The reason for this is because in people, Type II Diabetes is the most expensive disease process in humans, the fastest-growing disease process in humans, and now the #1 cause of blindness in humans.  Your horse probably has Insulin Resistance because they can still maintain normal blood Glucose levels.

C.   What conditions are breaking the lock and key system in my horse?

1.   Toxins from fat cells.

1.      If your horse is overweight at an early age, they can have 3 times the number of fat cells as a regular horse.  Some fat cells release toxins that interfere with Insulin’s action at the target cell.

2.      If your horse is overweight:
Fat, itself, is increased with high levels of Insulin and it turns around to interfere with Insulin which leads to more Insulin.  This leads to a vicious merry-go-round.

3.      Most Insulin Resistance horses are over weight.  A recent University of Virginia/Maryland report estimates 50% of the horse population is over weight  and 20% are obese (Obese is over 20% beyond ideal weight).  In addition, if a horse is obese, about 1/3rd of them will have Insulin Resistance.

2.   Insulin

Insulin at very high levels starts to interfere with other Insulin’s ability to get to receptors.  The keys are breaking each other.  This is “negative cooperatively”.
*A recent study from Australia showed that injecting high Insulin into a normal horse caused Laminitis within 2 days.  High Insulin and Laminitis are cause and effect.

3.   Cushings Disease

Can lead to Insulin Resistance in several different ways.  The horse can have Cushings and Insulin Resistance at the same time.  Why?

1.      High ACTH levels in Cushings can directly interfere with Insulin’s action.  ACTH is damaging the keys.

2.      High ACTH levels lead to Cortisol abnormalities.  Cortisol is responsible for increasing blood Glucose levels by causing stored sugars in muscle/liver to be released.  The higher levels of Glucose trigger more and more Insulin.

3.      Cortisol, like ACTH, can directly interfere with Insulin’s action.  More keys are damaged.
This is why it is smart to test the ACTH level and the Insulin level of a Cushings horse on a regular basis.  Your Cushings horse could have normal Insulin and later become an Insulin Resistance horse on top of Cushings in a large number of cases.  You are treating it with Pergolide but not treating the Insulin Resistance and wonder why they have Laminitis still— now you know why!

4.  Stress

Mental/Physical— surgery, infections, shipping...

1.      Increased Epinephrine causes increased ACTH, increased Cortisol, leading to more Insulin Resistance.

2.      Increased Cortisol will interfere with sleep, so more stress.

3.      Increased Cortisol will depress immune system leading to more infections that lead to higher Insulin levels.

4.      Increased Cortisol breaks down muscle which results in muscle weakness— often see in Cushings horses
— skinny with fat pads.

5.      Increased Cortisol decreases muscle synthesis.

5.   New study via Dr. Reilly – “Insulin Resistance – New Triggers”.  More research results pending.

WPCSA Transfers List

Ever wonder just where are the ponies being sold to or did that person ever send in the transfer of ownership?  The WPCSA offers a monthly list of all transfers of ownership processed.  This service is $20 per year for members and includes the following information: animal's registration number, registered name, date of transfer, seller(s) name & purchaser(s) name & address.

"I want to address the issue of maturity and deal with that concept thoroughly.

There is no such thing as a "slow-maturing" individual or a "slow maturing" breed. Let me repeat that: no horse on earth, of any breed, at any time, is or has ever been mature before the age of six (plus or minus six months). This information comes, I know, as a shock to many people who think starting their colt or filly under saddle at age two is what they ought to be doing. This begs discussion of (1) what I mean by "mature" and (2) what I mean by "starting."

(1) Just about everybody has heard of the horse's "growth plates," and commonly when I ask them, people tell me that the "growth plates" are somewhere around, or in, the horse's knees (actually they're located at the bottom of the radius-ulna bone just above the knee). This is what gives rise to the saying that, before riding the horse, it's best to wait "until his knees close" (i.e., until the growth plates fuse to the bone shaft and cease to be separated from it by a layer of slippery, crushable cartilage).

What people often don't realize is that there is a "growth plate" on either end of EVERY bone behind the skull, and in the case of some bones (like the pelvis, which has many "corners") there are multiple growth plates. So do you then have to wait until ALL these growth plates fuse? No. But the longer you wait, the safer you'll be. Owners and trainers need to realize there's a definite, easy-to-remember schedule of fusion - and then make their decision as to when to ride the horse based on that rather than on the external appearance of the horse. For there are some breeds of horse - the Quarter Horse is the premier among these - which have been bred in such a manner as to LOOK mature long before they actually ARE mature. This puts these horses in jeopardy from people who are either ignorant of the closure schedule, or more interested in their own schedule (for futurities or other competitions) than they are in the welfare of the animal.

The process of fusion goes from the bottom up. In other words, the lower down toward the hoofs you look, the earlier the growth plates will have fused; and the higher up toward the animal's back you look, the later. The growth plate at the top of the coffin bone (the most distal bone of the limb) is fused at birth. What this means is that the coffin bones get no TALLER after birth (they get much larger around, though, by another mechanism). That's the first one. In order after that:

2. Short pastern - top & bottom between birth and 6 mos.
3. Long pastern - top & bottom between 6 mos. And 1 yr.
4. Cannon bone - top & bottom between 8 mos. And 1.5 yrs.
5. Small bones of knee - top & bottom on each, between 1.5 and 2.5 yrs.
6. Bottom of radius-ulna - between 2 and 2.5 yrs.
7. Weight-bearing portion of glenoid notch at top of radius - between 2.5 and 3 yrs.
8. Humerus - top & bottom, between 3 and 3.5 yrs.
9. Scapula - glenoid or bottom (weight-bearing) portion - between 3.5 and 4 yrs.
10. Hindlimb - lower portions same as forelimb
11. Hock - this joint is "late" for as low down as it is; growth plates on the tibial & fibular tarsals don't fuse until the animal is four (so the hocks are a known "weak point" - even the 18th-century literature warns against driving young horses in plow or other deep or sticky footing, or jumping them up into a heavy load, for danger of spraining their hocks)
12. Tibia - top & bottom, between 2.5 and 3 yrs.
13. Femur - bottom, between 3 and 3.5 yrs.; neck, between 3.5 and 4 yrs.; major and 3rd trochanters, between 3 and 3.5 yrs.
14. Pelvis - growth plates on the points of hip, peak of croup (tubera sacrale), and points of buttock (tuber ischii), between 3 and 4 yrs.

...and what do you think is last? The vertebral column, of course. A normal horse has 32 vertebrae between the back of the skull and the root of the dock, and there are several growth plates on each one, the most important of which is the one capping the centrum. These do not fuse until the horse is at least 5 1/2 years old (and this figure applies to a small-sized, scrubby, range-raised mare. The taller your horse and the longer its neck, the later full fusion will occur. And for a male - is this a surprise? – you add six months. So, for example, a 17-hand TB or Saddlebred or WB gelding may not be fully mature until his 8th year - something that owners of such individuals have often told me that they "suspected" ).

The lateness of vertebral "closure" is most significant for two reasons.

One: in no limb are there 32 growth plates! Two: The growth plates in the limbs are (more or less) oriented perpendicular to the stress of the load passing through them, while those of the vertebral chain are oriented parallel to weight placed upon the horse's back. Bottom line: you can sprain a horse's back (i.e., displace the vertebral growth plates) a lot more easily than you can sprain those located in the limbs. And here's another little fact: within the chain of vertebrae, the last to fully "close" are those at the base of the animal's neck (that's why the long-necked individual may go past 6 yrs. to achieve full maturity). So you also have to be careful - very careful - not to yank the neck around on your young horse, or get him in any situation where he strains his neck (i.e., better learn how to get a horse broke to tie before you ever tie him up, so that there will be no likelihood of him ever pulling back hard. And readers if you don't know how to do this, then please somebody write in and ask!).

Now, the other "maturity" question I always get is this: "so how come if my colt is not skeletally mature at age 2 he can be used at stud and sire a foal?" My answer to that is this: sure, sweetie, if that's how you want to define maturity, then every 14 year old boy is mature. In other words, the ability to achieve an erection, penetrate a mare, and ejaculate some semen containing live sperm cells occurs before skeletal maturity, both in our species and in the horse. However, even if you only looked at sperm counts or other standard measures of sexual maturity that are used for livestock, you would know that considering a 2 year old a "stallion" is foolish.

Male horses do not achieve the testicular width or weight, quality or quantity of total ejaculate, or high sperm counts until they're six. Period. And people used to know this; that's why it's incorrect to refer to any male horse younger than 4 as a "stallion," whether he's in service or not. Peoples' confusion on this question is also why we have such things as the Stallion Rehabilitation Program at Colorado State University or the behavior-modification clinic at Cornell - because a two year old colt is no more able to "take command" on a mental or psychological level of the whole process of mating - which involves everything from "properly" being able to ask the mare's permission, to actually knowing which end of her to jump on, to being able to do this while some excited and usually frightened humans are banging him on the nose with a chain - than is a 14 year old boy.

(2) Now, let's turn to the second discussion, which is what I mean by "starting" and the whole history of that. Many people today - at least in our privileged country -- do not realize how hard you can actually work a horse - which is very, very hard. But before you can do that without significantly damaging the animal, you have to wait for him to mature, which means - waiting until he is four to six years old before asking him to carry you on his back. What bad will happen if you put him to work as a riding horse before that? Two important things - and probably not what you're thinking of. What is very UNlikely to happen is that you'll damage the growth plates in his legs. At the worst, there may be some crushing of the cartilages, but the number of cases of deformed limbs due to early use is tiny. The cutting-horse futurity people, who are big into riding horses as young as a year and a half, will tell you this and they are quite correct.

Want to damage legs?
There's a much better way - just overfeed your youngstock (see Forum postings on this. You ought to be able to see the animal's ribs – not skeletal, but see them - until he's two). More likely is that you'll cause structural damage to his back. There are some bloodlines (in Standardbreds, Arabians, and American Saddlebreds) known to inherit weak deep intervertebral ligament sheathing; these animals are especially prone to the early, sudden onset of "saddle back". However, individuals belonging to these bloodlines are by no means the only ones who may have their back "slip" and that's because, as mentioned above, the stress of weightbearing on the back passes parallel to the growth plates as well as the intervertebral joints. However, I want to add that the frequency of slipped backs in horses under 6 years old is also very low. So, what's to worry about? Well...did you ever wish your horse would "round up" a little better? Collect a little better? Respond to your leg by raising his back, coiling his loins, and getting his hindquarter up underneath him a little better? The young horse knows, by feel and by "instinct", that having a weight on his back puts him in physical jeopardy.

I'm sure that all of you start your youngstock in the most humane and considerate way that you know how, and just because of that, I assure you that after a little while, your horse knows exactly what that saddle is and what that situation where you go to mount him means. And he loves you, and he is wiser than you are, so he allows this. But he does not allow it foolishly, against his deepest nature, which amounts to a command from the Creator that he must survive; so when your foot goes in that stirrup, he takes measures to protect himself. The measures he takes are the same ones YOU would take in anticipation of a load coming onto your back: he stiffens or braces the muscles of his topline, and to help himself do that he may also brace his legs and hold his breath ("brace" his diaphragm). The earlier you choose to ride your horse, the more the animal will do this, and the more often you ride him young, the more you reinforce in his mind the necessity of responding to you in this way. So please - don't come crying to me when your 6 year old (that was started under saddle as a two year old) proves difficult to round up!

If he does not know how to move with his back muscles in release, he CANNOT round up!! So - bottom line - if you are one of those who equates "starting" with "riding," then I guess you better not start your horse until he's four. That would be the old, traditional, worldwide view: introduce the horse to equipment (all kinds of equipment and situations) when he's two, crawl on and off of him at three, saddle him to begin riding him and teaching him to guide at four, start teaching him maneuvers or the basics of whatever job he's going to do - cavalletti or stops or something beyond trailing cattle - at five, and he's on the payroll at 6. The old Spanish way of bitting reflected this also, because the horse's teeth aren't mature i.e., the tushes haven't come in and all the permanent teeth, until he's six either."

 The Equine Back by Les Sellnow

A key part of back conformation is the loin—the area between the last rib and the croup. The loin should be well-muscled, strong, and relatively short so that it can convey power from the rear legs forward.

The croup is the area that extends from the loins to the tailhead. It should be long and gently sloping, with the amount of slope varying from breed to breed and horse to horse. A long croup enables a horse to have a long stride as well as providing a setting for proper dimension and solid muscling in the hindquarters.

At the meeting of Members Services on Tuesday 13^th November, the subject of white markings was discussed. A solution was framed to go before Council on Monday December 10^th where it was passed unanimously. As the subject is of significant interest to members we feel it appropriate to post the general outline of the solution accepted by the Council in advance of the minutes.

The Council of the WP&CS has agreed to amend the regulations for entry to the Stud Book to read:

Colour: Any colour, except piebald and skewbald including tobiano and overo patterns.

Excessive white should be discouraged. In the showring Judges will be empowered to judge according to personal preference. This will be highlighted in the Judging and Showing Handbook that will be published in January.

Penalties for not supplying the correct colour and markings would be immediate withdrawal of the members’ right to complete colour and markings on registrations. Further penalties could extend to disciplinary proceedings or trading standards.

Following this clarification of regulations, animals registered within Section X of the Stud Book can be reviewed by the Members Services Committee. Individuals wishing to appeal should do so in writing to the Society at 6 Chalybeate Street, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 1HP.

It is obvious, by what is pinning at the Royal Show,  that it has not done an ounce of good.      See the information here.

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